Bring land back to life by working with nature

Sheila Cooke • 19 February 2018

CSA Founder Fergal Smith spoke with us about how holistic management is leading to better quality decisions.

Moy Hill Community Farm

3LM: What made you curious about Holistic Management?

Fergal: Five years ago, Moy Hill Community Farm started off with a 1/2 acre community garden, and through several recent land acquisitions, we are now up to 67 acres. I’ve always been interested in how the market garden fits in with the larger landscape. I’ve wanted to have more of an understanding of land management and how it all works together.

3LM: You just started learning Holistic Management this year. Have you used it to test any decisions?

Fergal: Yes. We got my dad’s polytunnel this year, and we had planned to put it on the old market garden. But then we thought, should we put it on the new land? Then we decided to use the Context Check Questions , and it didn’t make any sense to put the polytunnel on the old garden. It became very clear that it was better used on the new land. But we couldn’t wrap our human minds around it prior to testing the decision. So we’ll be digging up the poles next week.

3LM: What will you gain from this new course of action?

Fergal: Putting a polytunnel on poor boggy land, means you make it good land. But if you put a polytunnel on good dry land, you make it for things that are rare to grow here like Mediterranean crops such as tomatoes and cucumbers. They’ll be in the land they actually want to be in.


3LM: What else have you learned since you began practicing Holistic Management?

Fergal: In creating our holistic context, we’ve found that the real innovative skills we’re going to offer in farming is our social inclusion, the way we work with community, and the way we work with each other. That’s what’s new in this country and in farming.

There are plenty of people growing better food than us. We work with 30 volunteers a week. We had 12 different music events last summer. It brings a whole other dynamic to the farm. The unique skill that we bring is working with people.

There are ideas in the pipeline like a healing centre, co-housing and a farm school. Two architects are working with us on the co-housing now. We’re going to start a farm school for our children and invite other children to attend. All these things will only work if we have the right foundation, which is good food grown on regenerating soil that’s getting healthier every year.

3LM: What initially inspired you to start your CSA?

Fergal: I grew up on my dad’s market garden in Mayo, Ireland. I always enjoyed it and liked doing it. But the main issue was constant work for little income, and being tied to the garden. So I left and travelled the world. I always knew I’d come back to it, but it’s different. There are three other people I can float the work to, which enables me to do other things. I started with a ½ acre community market garden, which set my intention.

This is my 5th year of the community garden. We have a weekly cook-up every Friday with games and music. It’s a free of charge event, and we get a lot of volunteer help. Our purpose is to give back to the community. At 6:00 pm people know food will be here. The kids can play. It opens people up to getting involved and joining the CSA. It’s an entry point for a lot of people.

We got some of the worst land for growing vegetables. How it happened is the community asked us to stay here, and offered us nearby land. So we bought the 17 acres.

3LM: That’s quite a compliment that the community asked you to stay. How’s it gone since you acquired the 17 acres?

Fergal: It wasn’t farmed for 30 years, and a lot of it is blanket bog and heather bog. But there’s a 2-acre field in there that was a market garden. It was all nicely drained. But all the drains were blocked. It was a swamp. We re-opened the drains, dried parts of the field, and did a raised no-dig bed system, and it’s worked to feed people. It’s been a story to show people what can be done with poor quality land to feed 50 families. It shows that anything’s possible.

Last year this old farm next to us went for sale. We had no money to buy it. When we heard it was going to get bought by forestry, and to be planted with thick spruce we knew we didn’t want that kind of plantation in our community. We outbid them to stop the sale. We put a bid in above the forestry. Because they’re not personally connected, as soon as it went a little bit higher they backed off. We got 17 loans off friends and family, plus a bank loan, plus crowd-funding. We’ve paid the bank loan off in a year, and then over the next years we’ll pay off our friends and family.

3LM: What’s the big vision you’re carrying?

Fergal: When I was a professional surfer in Tahiti, I decided I wanted to go home, but I didn’t want to just be a market gardener. I wanted to supply not just their courgettes and salad, but their eggs, meat, milk, and fruit, because I want people to have it all from their locality.

70% of our food in Ireland is imported, but not more than 30 years ago, everyone’s whole diet was from the land here. I want to show it’s possible, doable, enjoyable. It’s a lifestyle and a career, a livelihood. I want young people to experience what an an amazing feeling it is to feed your neighbours, regenerate soil, and bring back biodiversity.

The biggest problem we have in Ireland is depression and suicide. Farming has become depressing. But, we want to show that farming can be exciting.

My main motive now is that I have kids. I want a hopeful future for them going forward. If the community around them is still importing food and unhealthy, it’s not going to be a good place for them to grow up. I want them to get involved. I see this farm as having 20 or 30 employees one day. When our CSA is at its capacity, then I hope the farmer next door does the same thing.

3LM: What is your Statement of Purpose?

Fergal: This farm feeds local people, through care, work, listening, learning, skill and cooperation. Loves earth through humility and regenerating landscapes. And inspires by being joyful, functional, beneficial, financially stable model of a regenerative community.

3LM: So well-expressed. Thank you Fergal.



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What Are Indicators? The terms "leading" and "lagging indicators" originate from systems theory and are widely used in economics. In this context, leading indicators give clues about where the economy is going, while lagging indicators show us what has already happened. A classic leading indicator is the number of new job advertisements. If companies are posting lots of job openings, it usually means they expect business to grow soon — a sign the economy may be about to improve. A well-known lagging indicator is the unemployment rate. When the economy slows down, businesses take time to react, and layoffs often happen after the downturn has already begun. So while job ads can warn of change, unemployment confirms it has already occurred. Indicators in Ecology In ecology, particularly within Holistic Management, the same principles apply. Leading and lagging indicators help land managers respond to environmental changes more effectively. Ecological Outcome Verification (EOV) Ecological Outcome Verification (EOV) offers a structured framework for monitoring ecological health using both leading and lagging indicators. Classic leading indicators in EOV include: Dung distribution – shows how effectively animals are using the landscape, which relates to grazing impact. Litter cover – refers to plant material covering the soil surface, helping retain moisture and build organic matter. Soil capping – early signs of water infiltration issues and surface degradation. Classic lagging indicators in EOV include: Soil carbon content – a long-term measure of soil health Biodiversity (plant species richness) – reflects broader ecological balance, but responds slowly to changes in management. Water infiltration rates – reveal soil structure and function after long-term management effects. Leading indicators offer subtle, early signals that help land stewards adjust management in real time. Lagging indicators provide essential long-term feedback but often appear only after major changes have occurred. The Human Condition as a Lagging Indicator Human beings have been remarkably successful in inhabiting every climatic region on Earth, not through biological adaptation alone, but by modifying environments with tools, clothing, shelter, agriculture, and technology. This resilience has allowed us to thrive well beyond the natural carrying capacity of local ecosystems. By importing resources, controlling temperature, and artificially generating food and water, we have effectively decoupled our survival from the immediate health of our environments. However, this very success has dulled our sensitivity to ecological feedback. Because we buffer ourselves from natural limits, we often fail to notice when those limits are being breached. Our ability to override early warnings with technology — irrigation, fertilisers, antibiotics, global supply chains — means we no longer feel the signals of stress in ecosystems. In the past, poor soil meant failed crops and hunger, prompting quick behavioural change. Now, consequences are delayed, but not avoided. This resilience is deceptive. It creates the illusion of stability while ecological degradation accumulates in the background. By the time problems become visible — mass species extinction, collapsing insect populations, polluted waterways, declining soil fertility — critical thresholds may have already been crossed. Our responses come too late, often reactive rather than adaptive. Technology extends our comfort, but dulls our ecological sensitivity. Instead of being part of the feedback loop, we exist outside it — until the damage is undeniable. That is why human behaviour now functions as a lagging indicator. We wait for catastrophe before we act. A Flawed Operating System This lag is rooted in our worldview. Modernity, grounded in dualism and industrial logic, sees humans as masters of nature, not participants within a living whole. It encourages control, prediction, and efficiency over perception, humility, and adaptability. This mindset dulls our ecological senses. It overrides our capacity for intuitive, embodied responsiveness. It privileges measurable outputs over relational awareness. As a result, we are systemically insensitive to leading indicators. We miss the bare soil, the collapsed microbial life, the vanishing pollinators — until their absence disrupts our daily lives. In Holistic Management, trained observers — called monitors — are taught to read the land not only through long-term trends but through its moment-to-moment language. What would it mean for us, collectively, to read the Earth in this way? The Potential of Conscious Adaptation While we currently lag, we don’t have to. The beauty of holistic systems — and of life itself — is that they can be trained to respond more intelligently, more attentively, and more quickly. We can become leading indicators. We can tune into early signs of imbalance. We can feel into the edges of complexity before they fracture. We can act, not react. This shift begins with a new internal operating system, one that Holistic Management helps develop. When we define a Holistic Context for our lives, families, organisations, or communities, we begin making decisions rooted in long-term integrity rather than short-term gain. The health of soil, water, people, and purpose are no longer competing interests but interconnected essentials. This isn’t about idealism — it’s about function. It’s about survival through wholeness. Learning to Sense Again Our capacity to live regeneratively depends on our capacity to sense. 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